[quote name='speedracer']It's super intimidating but ridiculously easy. Just leave the math to the
actuarial mathematicians and let's just assume we already know all the numbers, because we do. For example, we already know that it costs $X in health care per person in surrounding communities for every coal burning plant because the health insurance companies need to know it as a matter of existing. They'll lose money on that community otherwise, right?
So every function has an output. A coal factory burns coal and outputs smoke and power. They love power because they can sell it but they hate smoke because it costs money to clean up. If they were to pay out of pocket to cover the "cost" of the smoke, the total (or fully "accounting" for the cost) would almost certainly be more than the money they make off the power. What's a coal company to do?
They just ignore then cost of the smoke and offload that cost to those around them. Or in accounting terms, they don't cost the externalities.
Or an oil company drills for oil in the gulf. They have a *potential* external liability (externality cost) if their oil rig burns up and the well leaks a bazillion gallons. Rather than accounting for that potential cost they just ignore it. Since the catastrophe potential, the externality potential is so huge, no right minded person accounting for that would ever let it happen. But there's money to be made, so they just ignore it.
Externalities aren't just negative though. Vaccinations have a positive externality effect due to the "herd" being protected. So when I vaccinate my little spawn, I decrease the chance that disease will take hold in my community. Therefore there is a net positive greater than the protection of my individual brat.
Hope that helped and I'm not just rambling.
I had a professor in college whose research was in the total life cycle cost of doing business. Naturally, he wasn't garnering much interest from private sources for funding.
To bring this all back around, the government (according to liberals like myself) has a duty to impose costs on those that produce negative externalities and to support those that produce positive externalities because the market specifically doesn't. If the market forced coal to pay for itself, there would be no coal. But since it doesn't, coal has a built in subsidy, a price it doesn't have to pay because it's not forced to. It's worth probably hundreds of billions of dollars a year or more to energy companies. Therefore, the government says hey, let's put some money towards those with positive externalities to help offset what the market cannot do itself because the market here is not fair.
So the government starts a clean energy loan guarantee program. And a half bil goes to shit and Republicans freak out and pretend its a big deal. And everyone pretends the dirty energy negative cost externalities don't exist, which is an underhanded way of giving them 100s of times the amount of money Solyndra screwed up. And then they bleat about the free market as if dirty energy is a free and fully costed market. And I read it or listen to it and make this face.
And I make threads called: The libertarian's guide to externality costing. What do we do about the oil spill?
edit: Oh look. Externalities.[/QUOTE]
I actually understand externalities, I was actually referring to the post before that one you made. When you start getting into assets and liabilities and different account types, my eyes just cross. And I had two basic accounting classes in college, needless to say I didn't enjoy them.