[quote name='dmaul1114']Texas has some weird laws about being able to shoot people on your property etc. So you're right that for citizens it does very by state laws.
But the law for law enforcement officers is as I stated. The Supreme Court ruling in Tennessee vs. Garner (1985) set the defense of life standard for police using force. Before that they could shoot pretty much any fleeing felon. After that ruling they can now only shoot fleeing felons if there's clear danger of death or serious bodily harm to themselves or others if the person gets away.
And that's even in that Texas law that you posted. The first parts are about use of "force" the latter parts about lethal force state the following:
(c) A peace officer is justified in using deadly force
against another when and to the degree the peace officer reasonably
believes the deadly force is immediately necessary to make an
arrest, or to prevent escape after arrest, if the use of force would
have been justified under Subsection (a) and:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the conduct for
which arrest is authorized included the use or attempted use of
deadly force; or
(2) the actor reasonably believes there is a
substantial risk that the person to be arrested will cause death or
serious bodily injury to the actor or another if the arrest is
delayed.
In most states, that type of law only applies to peace officers, and citizens can only use lethal force in clear cases of self defense. Not to prevent escape. But even then it varies by prosecutor etc. on whether they go as far as pressing charges against victims in such cases. In any case, any one that can shoot someone who did nothing more than scare them and take some of their possessions in the back isn't a person I'd want to associate with.[/QUOTE]
Hmm, I may me misremembering the current law. I know that common law, which is no longer applicable in this case, was pretty liberal with use of deadly force... It's been I while, so I went and looked at my good old "Understanding Criminal Law" book. My reading of it is that common law allowed for an officer or private citizen to use deadly force to effectuate for the arrest of a felon. Common law still seams to allow for a private citizen to "use deadly force, if reasonably necessary, to apprehend a felon". (pg 277). Texas actually puts some of the most limits on that rule, making it sound more like Tn v. Garner, so it was a bad example.
Michigans law is a better example: Michigan courts have ruled that the use of deadly force by a private person to prevent the escape of a fleeing felon is justifiable where the following three circumstances are present: (1) the evidence must show that a felony actually occurred, (2) the fleeing suspect against whom force was used must be the person who committed the felony, and (3) the use of deadly force must been necessary to ensure the apprehension of the felon.
My book says Tn V. Garner is a ruling on the 4th Amendment, which only applies to government conduct- so it doesn't apply to a private citizen. Also, it says, it is "unclear whether the rule of Garner has application in criminal prosecutions of police...arguably the rule simply provides a civil remedy." (p 281). So I stand corrected, at least partially. I think you are correct that an officer cannot use deadly force to make an arrest unless there is a real threat or serious violence(at least they will have civil liability). But, at least in some cases, a private citizen can. Bottom line is, I wouldn't go and shoot a fleeing felon any ways regardless of the law unless human life was at risk.